Hardware
The BBC micro:bit is an easily programmable Single Board Computer (SBC) that contains an application processor with a variety of on-chip peripherals. Other peripherals are connected to this chip.
An interface processor is connected to the application processor and manages communications via the USB interface, including the drag-and-drop code flashing process. The interface processor does not connect to any of the micro:bit peripherals.
Two key pieces of information to help understand the internals of the micro:bit are:
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The schematics, which shows the detailed component data and connectivity of the device.
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The reference design, which is a complete module design of a compatible micro:bit, and is designed to be a starting point for anyone interested in understanding the micro:bit or designing their own variant.